![]() ![]() From the eighth century BC, the Greeks were organised into various independent city-states, known as poleis (singular polis), which spanned the Mediterranean and the Black Sea. Greece is considered the cradle of Western civilization, being the birthplace of democracy, Western philosophy, Western literature, historiography, political science, major scientific and mathematical principles, theatre, and the Olympic Games. Athens is the nation's capital and the largest city, followed by Thessaloniki and Patras. ![]() It has a population of nearly 10.3 million (as of 2024). Greece has the longest coastline on the Mediterranean Basin, featuring thousands of islands. The Aegean Sea lies to the east of the mainland, the Ionian Sea to the west, and the Sea of Crete and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. Greece shares land borders with Albania to the northwest, North Macedonia and Bulgaria to the north, and Turkey to the east. Greece, officially the Hellenic Republic, is a country in Southeast Europe, located on the southern tip of the Balkan peninsula. ![]() eu domain is also used, as in other European Union member states. Other short formats: dd-mm-yyyy, dd/mm/yyyy.The Church of Greece is recognized by the Greek Constitution as the prevailing religion in Greece, and is the only country in the world where Eastern Orthodoxy is clearly recognized as a state religion. ![]()
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